State Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).

State Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).

• A. The sum of voltages around any closed loop is zero.
• B. The current through a resistor is proportional to voltage.
• C. The total resistance in a series circuit is the sum of resistances.
• D. The current leaving a node equals the current entering.

Answer: (A)

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. This comes from energy conservation: as you traverse a loop, the total voltage rises and drops from sources and components must balance so you end up where you started in potential. In practice, you assign a traversal direction around the loop, add the voltages with their appropriate signs, and the sum should be zero. This is why the statement about the sum of voltages around a closed loop being zero is the correct description. The other options describe different rules—Ohm's law (current proportional to voltage across a resistor), the series resistance rule (sum of resistances in series), and Kirchhoff's Current Law (current conservation at a junction)—which are not KVL.

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic sum of all voltages around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. This comes from energy conservation: as you traverse a loop, the total voltage rises and drops from sources and components must balance so you end up where you started in potential. In practice, you assign a traversal direction around the loop, add the voltages with their appropriate signs, and the sum should be zero.

This is why the statement about the sum of voltages around a closed loop being zero is the correct description. The other options describe different rules—Ohm's law (current proportional to voltage across a resistor), the series resistance rule (sum of resistances in series), and Kirchhoff's Current Law (current conservation at a junction)—which are not KVL.